Monday, May 28, 2018
Who are Oromo Peoples?
Although Oromo’s have their own unique culture, history, language, and civilization, they are culturally related to Afars, Somalis, Sidamas, Agaws, Bilens, Bejas, Kunamas, and other groups. In the past, Oromo’s had an egalitarian social system known as gada. Their military organization made them one of the strongest ethnic groups in the Horn of Africa between the twelfth and nineteenth centuries. Gada was a form of constitutional government and also a social system. Political leaders were elected by the men of the community every eight years. Corrupt or dictatorial leaders would be removed from power through buqisu (recall) before the official end of their term. Oromo women had a parallel institution known as siqqee. This institution promoted gender equality in Oromo society.
Gada closely connected the social and political structures. Male Oromo’s were organized according to age and generation for both social and political activities. The gada government was based on democratic principles. The abba boku was an elected "chairman" who presided over the chaffee (assembly) and proclaimed the laws. The abba dula (defense minister) was a government leader who directed the army. A council known as shanee or salgee and retired gada officials also helped the abba boku to run the government.
All gada officials were elected for eight years. The main qualifications for election included bravery, knowledge, honesty, demonstrated ability, and courage. The gada government worked on local, regional, and central levels. The political philosophy of the gada system was embodied in three main principles: terms of eight years, balanced opposition between parties, and power sharing between higher and lower levels. These checks and balances were created to prevent misuse of power. The goverment's independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches also were a way of balancing power. Some elements of gada are still practiced in southern Oromia.
Gada is rule for us, Science for others! Quotes of Arsi University Gada Office
The gada system was the basis of Oromo culture and civilization. It helped Oromo’s maintain democratic political, economic, social, and religious institutions for many centuries. The gada political system and military organization enabled Oromo’s defend themselves against enemies who were competing with them for land, water, and power.
Today, Oromo’s are engaged in a national liberation movement. Under the leadership of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) they work to achieve self-determination. Most Oromo’s support this liberation organization and its army, the Oromo Liberation Army. There are many Oromo organizations in North America, Europe, and Africa that support the Oromo national movement. Oromo’s are struggling for the opportunity to rule themselves and reinvent an Oromian state that will reflect the gada system.
Oromo Peoples- The largest and earliest Cushitic peoples in the horn of Africa
Tuesday, May 15, 2018
Kuni kutaa Lammafaa garaagarummaa Gmail fi Yahoo mail itti dubbannuudha, kutaa jalqabaa dubbiste yoo tahe itti fufi. Kutaan jalqabaa si dabre yoo tahe maaloo kutaa jalqabaa kinoo HIDHATA KANA cuqaasuun ddubbisi.
Kutaa dabre keessatti waayee hundeeffama Gmail ilaallee jirra, amma ammoo mee hundeeffama Yahoo mail irraa jalqabnee haa ilaalluu:
Yahoo Mail kan hundeeffame kaampaanii Yahoo jedhamuun yoo tahu kaampaanichi ammoo kan hundeeffame March 1 bara 1995 (google dura) USA magaalaa Kaalifoorniyaa keessaati. Namoonni Yahoo hundeessan maqaan isaanii Jerry Yang fi David Filo jedhamu.
Boca ykn Dizaayinii
Gmail bocni isaa kan baa'yee miidhaguu fi kan akkuma feeneetti gogaa ykn Theme isaa kan jijjiirruudha. Akkasumas foolderii heddu qaba. Yahoomail akkuma Gmail kan diizaayiniin isaa salphaa tahee fii theme ykn gogaa isaa akkuma feenetti jijjirrachuu dandeenuudha. Garuu gama foolderiitiin Yahoomail baa'yee filatamaadha, akkasumas baa'yee salphaadha.Ba'aa (Attachment) Ergaa
Gmail irratti ergaa hanga 20mb (ulfaatinaan) altokkotti erguu dandeenya. Akkasumas yeroo tokkotti ergaa heddu (baayinaan) (more attachment) erguu dandeenya. Yahoo irratti ammoo altokkotti ergaa 10mb (ulfaatina) qofa erguu dandeenya. Yahoo mail irratti ammoo ergaa heddu (more attachments) yeroo tokkotti erguu hindandeenyu, hanga new tab bannutti.Kuusaa Deetaa (storage)
Gmail dandeettii kuusaa bilisaa 15GB qofa qaba, kana jechuun wanti isin gmail, drive, google+ fi blogger irratti kuuftu 15GB yoo dabre gmail keessan ni cufata jechuudha. Sana booda gara isa kaffaltii (premium plan) jedhamutti isin dabrsa ( 100GB dhaaf 2$ ji'an ni kaffaltu ykn 300TB(300000GB) ji'an $300 kaffaltanii fayyadamuu dandeessu).Gama Yahootiin ammoo dandeettii kuusaa deetaa bilisaa 1000GB(1TB) qaba, kana jechuun kuusaa 66.6xGmail qaba jechuudha, ykn waan silaa nuti Yahoo irraa bilisaan argannu gmail irraa ji'atti $10 kaffallee arganna jechuudha.
Secruutii ykn Nageenya
Daataa Keenyaa Gmail sirna 'Verification' jedhamu qaba, kana jechuun yeroo nuti sign in goonu ergaan gabaabaan gara bilbila keenyaa nuuf seena. Erga koodii kara bilbila keenyatti seene itti galchinee booda nuuf bana(Hub: kun kan tahu yeroo karaa lakkoofsa bilbilaa keetiin banatteedha). Hattuun(hacker) hatuu hin danda'u jechuudha, koodiin gara bilbila keenyaa qofa waan ergamuuf.Hubadhu: Akkaataa Gmail itti banatuu dandeettuun HIDHATA KANA cuqaasudhaan dubbisi.
Garuu rakkoon gmail as irratti qabu, yeroo osoo fayyadamaa jirtu ifaan si harkaa badee, namni of duraaf bilbila ykn koompitara san fayyadamu Gmail keenya salphumatti arkachuu fi waan barbaade hojjachuu danda'a jechuudha. Rakkoon kun ammoo gama Yahootiin ni furama, kana jechuun yahoon sirna Gmail fayyadamu akkauma fayyadamutti tahee, yeroo ifaan nu harkaa bade email keenya ofumaa isaatii SIGN OUT tahuu danda'a jechuudha(HUB: kun kan tahuu danda'u yoo automatic signout goone qofa). Kun ammoo akka namni biraa koompitara san fayyadamu email keenya hin arganne ykn hin hanne taasisa jechuudha.
Yeroowwan Gmail Qabaachuun Dirqama Nutti tahu
Gmail qbaachuun yeroo dirqama nutti tahutu jira, yeroo oomisha Google (Google Product) fayyadamnuudha. Isaanis:
Blogger: Websaayitii uumatuudhaaf.
Adsense: Beeksisa google websaayitii keenyaf argachuudhaaf akkasumas qarshii itti arkachuuf.
Play Store: Applikeeshinoota keenya gara google play upload gochuuf ykn irraa buufachuudhaaf.
Google Plus: Yeroo kanneen Gmail qabaaxhuun dirqama nutti taha. Akkasumas oomishaawwan google kanneen biroo fayyadamuudhaaf dirqama gmail nu barbaachisa.
WALUMAA GALATTI: akka armaan olitti dubbiftanitti kan baa'yee isin hawwatee fi akkasumas kan fedhii keessan waliin deemu filachuu dandeessu. Lamaanuu hanqinaa fi Jabina ni qabu, kun hundi osoo jirru ummanni addunyaa tana miliyoona 72.8 Yahoo akksumas miliyyonni 25.1 ammoo Gmail fayyadamu.
Lammiin Lammiif, Waraana qofaani miti, Beekkumsa irrattis wal yaamuuni malee! Lammii keetiif qooduun dirqama lammummaa keetii bahi.
Garaa garummaa Gmail fi Yahoo mail: Kutaa Lammaffaa
Saturday, January 6, 2018
Suuraalee Simbirrootaa
Suuraalee Bineensotaa
Suuraalee babbareedoo fuula mobaayila keenyaa irra gadhachuudhaaf nu fayyadan 100+
Thursday, December 7, 2017
Emailiin Maali?
Email yookin Electronic Mail jechuun sirna ergaa keenna karaa Viidiyoo, Awdiyoo, Fakkii akksumas barreeffamaan karaa koompitaraa fi Interneetiitin gara nama barbaannuu erginuudha. Emailiin gosoota ergaa keessaa isa tokko tahee kan yeroo gabaabaa keessatti qaqqabuudha.Addunyaa kana irra namoonni Biliyoona 3.7 ol emailii akka fayyadamutu himama. Maarre emeelota addunyaa kana irra jiran 10 ol yoo tahan, kanneen keessaa gurguddoon Gmail fi Yahoo Mail faadha.
Hubadhu: Akkaataa Yahoo mail itti banatu HIDHATA KANA cuqaasudhaan dubbisi.
Nuti hedduun keenya Emeelota kannen lamaan akka fayyadamnu beekkamaadha, maarree har'aan tana waa'ee emeelota kanneeni tokko tokko isiniif qabannee dhiyaannee jirra, akkuma dubbiftanii geessaitaniin hiriyaa keessaniif qooduu hin dagatinaan dhaamsa keenya.
Garaagarummaa Gmail fi Yahoo Mail
Hundeeffama
Gmail (Google Mail) jecha guduunfaa jecha Google mail jedhu yoo tahu, kan hundeeffameen kaamoaanii Googliini.Google kan hundeeffame September 7, 1998 USA magaalaa Kaalifoorniyaa keessatti, nomoota maqaan isaanii Larry Page fi Sergy Brin jedhamaniini.
Lammiin Lammiif, Waraana qofaani miti, Beekkumsa irrattis wal yaamuuni malee! Lammii keetiif qooduun dirqama lammummaa keetii bahi.
Garaa garummaa Gmail fi Yahoo mail: Kutaa Tokkoffaa
Sunday, December 3, 2017
Feesbuukiin miidiyaa hawaasaa isaa beekkamaa fi isa guddaa, ji'a tokko keessatti yoo xiqqaate namni Biliyoona Afur kan ilaaluudha ykn kan Fayyadamuudha.
Feesbuukiin kan jalaqame bara 2004, Feb 4, biyya USA magaalaa Kaalifoorniyaa keessatti you tahu, nomoonni kalaqan ammoo Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum fi Chris Hughes kanneen jedhaman Doormii isaanii keessatti akka kalaqan tu himama. Hundumti isaanituu barattoota Yuunivarsiitii Harvard Kutaa Saaykooloojii turan, booda garuu ' The man behind Facebook- MARK ZUCKERBERG' jedhamuun Zuckerberg abbaa feesbuukii tahuu dand'eera.
Bara 2004 irraa eegalee hanga 2012 feesbuukiin kan hojjatu Biyya USA keessa qofa ture. Garuu 2012 booda addunyaa mara walgahuu danda'ee jira.
Akkuma Feesbuukiin Addunyaa qaqqabeen biyyoonni hedduun biyyoota Afrikaa dabalatee fayyadamuu danda'anii jiru.
Haa tahuu malee biyyoonni tokko tokko garuu hin barbaannu jechuun kan Feesbuukii biyya isaani keessa akka hin seenne fi akka ummanni hin fayyadamne godhaniiru.
Biyyoonni Armaan gadii kunniin yeroo sanatti Feesbuukiin akka biyya isaanii hin seenne godhanii turan:
Kooriyaa Kaabaa, Paakistan. China. Cuba, Bangeladesh, India, Mourtius. Egypt .Siiriyaa fi Vetnama fa'i turan.
Walumaa galatii Feesbuukiin yeroo ammaa kana hamma $50bil kuufatuun Mark Zuckerberg Abbaa qabeenyaa addunyaa 8ffaa tahuu Danda'ee jira.
Feesbuukiin kan jalaqame bara 2004, Feb 4, biyya USA magaalaa Kaalifoorniyaa keessatti you tahu, nomoonni kalaqan ammoo Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum fi Chris Hughes kanneen jedhaman Doormii isaanii keessatti akka kalaqan tu himama. Hundumti isaanituu barattoota Yuunivarsiitii Harvard Kutaa Saaykooloojii turan, booda garuu ' The man behind Facebook- MARK ZUCKERBERG' jedhamuun Zuckerberg abbaa feesbuukii tahuu dand'eera.
Akkuma Feesbuukiin Addunyaa qaqqabeen biyyoonni hedduun biyyoota Afrikaa dabalatee fayyadamuu danda'anii jiru.
Hubadhu: Akkaataa facebookii ittibanatuu dandeessuun hubachuudhaaf HIDHATA KANA CUQAASI
Haa tahuu malee biyyoonni tokko tokko garuu hin barbaannu jechuun kan Feesbuukii biyya isaani keessa akka hin seenne fi akka ummanni hin fayyadamne godhaniiru.
Biyyoonni Armaan gadii kunniin yeroo sanatti Feesbuukiin akka biyya isaanii hin seenne godhanii turan:
Biyyoonni kunniin sababni isaan cufaniif iccitii biyya keessaa akka gara alaatti hin baaneef yaadaniiti, keessattuu Kooriyaan kaabaa hanga ammaattii biyya iccitii jedhamuun beekkamti, feesbuukii irra profiliin ykn accountiin KIM JONG UN hanga ammaatti hin jiru ( yoo ummata fi addunyaa dogongorsiisuuf nami biraa uumate malee ).
Walumaa galatii Feesbuukiin yeroo ammaa kana hamma $50bil kuufatuun Mark Zuckerberg Abbaa qabeenyaa addunyaa 8ffaa tahuu Danda'ee jira.
Seenaa Facebook: akkasumas ajaa'iboota isaa
Sunday, November 12, 2017
Yeroo baay’ee Microsoft Word irratti yoo barruu barreessinu, keessattuu barruulee barnootaa fi kitaabotaan walqabatan, qabiyyeen isaanii kallattimaan fuula tokko jedhee hin jalqabu, akkasumas qabiyyeen isaanii kallattimaan gara yaada rimee yookan Boqonnaa tokko jedhee hin jalqabu. Duraan dursinee Fuula Golgaa(Cover Page) iti aansinee bara maxxansaa yookan seensa kitaabaa fi baafata kitaabichaa yookaan barreeffamichaa barreessuutu nurraa eeggama.
Fuulota jalqabaa armaan olii kanneen ammo fuula(page number) isaan irratti baasuun nurraa hin eeggamu, yoo barbaachisaa tahe ammoo lakkoofsota Roomaa yookan ABCD itti galchuutu nurra jira(Maxxansa kana gara dhumaa irratti kanilaallu taha). Fuuulli barreeffamichaa yookan kitaabichaa tokko jedhee kan jalqabu fuula Boqonnaa tokko jedhee jalqabu irraa tahuu qaba. Kuni ammo yeroo baay’ee yoo namoota heddutti ulfaatu agarra.
Nutis har’aan tana kanuma irraa ka’uun akkaataa fuula(page number) barruu keenyaa iddoo feene iraa ka’ee iddoo feenetti akka xumuruuf tooftaa ittiin barreessuu dandeenyu siiff himuuf deemna. Akkuma dubbiftee xumurteen hiriyoota kee kan birootiif qooduu hin irraanfatin. Tooftaan kuni gabaabumatti fuulota yookan Peejota Microsot Word iddoo feenetti addaan qoqqooduu jechuudha.
Hubadhu: Akkaataa microsoft power point itti baasuu dandeettuun beekuuf HIDHATA KANA ciqaasi.
Fuulota jalqabaa armaan olii kanneen ammo fuula(page number) isaan irratti baasuun nurraa hin eeggamu, yoo barbaachisaa tahe ammoo lakkoofsota Roomaa yookan ABCD itti galchuutu nurra jira(Maxxansa kana gara dhumaa irratti kanilaallu taha). Fuuulli barreeffamichaa yookan kitaabichaa tokko jedhee kan jalqabu fuula Boqonnaa tokko jedhee jalqabu irraa tahuu qaba. Kuni ammo yeroo baay’ee yoo namoota heddutti ulfaatu agarra.
Nutis har’aan tana kanuma irraa ka’uun akkaataa fuula(page number) barruu keenyaa iddoo feene iraa ka’ee iddoo feenetti akka xumuruuf tooftaa ittiin barreessuu dandeenyu siiff himuuf deemna. Akkuma dubbiftee xumurteen hiriyoota kee kan birootiif qooduu hin irraanfatin. Tooftaan kuni gabaabumatti fuulota yookan Peejota Microsot Word iddoo feenetti addaan qoqqooduu jechuudha.
Tartiibonni hunduu viidiyoo kana keessatti agarsiifamanii jiru, viidiyoo kana ilaali, yoo viidiyoon kun siif galuu baate itti fufii dubbisi:
Tartiibota Akaataa Microsoft irratti fuula fi baafata qiqindeessinuun
Kuni ammoo yeroo tokko tokko Koompiitara irratti hundaa’uun fuula itti aanu qullaa godhuu danda’a, rakkoo kanaaf ammo kan yeroo biraa dubbannu taha.
Tartiiba Sadi: Sana booda fuula ati irratti fuula barreessu barbaaddu san miiljalee isaa(footer) irratti yeroo lama(Double Click) saffisaan cuqaasi. Kuni ammoo akka fuula itti barreessinuuf iddo duwwaa nuuf kenna.
Tartiiba Afur: Mataa walakka Microsoft irratti Link to Previous kan jedhu cuqaasi(halluu boora fakkaatu qaba ture, erga cuqaaftee booda ammo halluun irra bada, akka irraa baduuf cuqaafta).
Tartiiba Shan: Mataa gubbaa kara harka bitaatiin Page Number kan jedhu cuqaasi. Filannoowwan jaha sanduuqa keessatti ni argita, Format Page Number kan jedhu cuqaasi.
Tartiiba Jaha: Sanduuqa siif dhufu keessatti, number format kan jedhu cuqaasuun, 1,2,3 kan jedhu filadhu, akkasumas start at kan jedhu filachuun iddoo duwwa irratti lakkoofsa tokko barreessitii OK kan jedhu tuqi.
Tartiiba Torba: Ammas mataa gubbaa kara harka bitaatiin Page Number kan jedhu cuqaasi. Filannoowwan jaha sanduuqa keessatti siif dhufan keessaa Button of Page kan jedhu filadhu, yoo lakkoofsi fuulawwanii miila jalatti akka mul’atuuf barbaadde jechuudha. Yoo lakkoofsi fuulawwanii mataa gubbatti akka mula’atuuf barbaadde ammo Top of Page kan jedhu cuqaasi. Filannoowwan lamaan kanneen alatti page margin fi Current position kan jedhan ni jiru, akkaataa fedhii keetitiin filachuu dandeesa. Ammas filannoowwan hunduu filannoowwan xixinnoo mataa isaanii qabu(diizaayinii lakkoofsa fuulawwanii keessaa filachuu dandeessa).
Tartiiba Saddeet: Erga xumuruu kee hubattee booda, mataa gubbaa kara harka Mirgaatin Close header and footer kan jedhu cuqaasi.
Tartiiba Sagal: Gara Fuula baafataa(table of contents) ol deebi’itii fuula lammata baafatatti aanee argamu san irratti gara miiljalee(footer) irratti al-lam(double click) cuqaasi. Fuulli kun akka barruu barattootaatti yoo ilaalle acknowledgement, abstract fi acronomy fa’i tahuu danda’a. Kanaafuu fuulawwan kanneen irratti fuula lakkoofsa Roomaa itti galchuutu nurra jira.
Tartiiba Kudhan: Erga miil-jalee irratti al-lama(double click) cuqaaftee booda, akkaataa tartiiba shanaffa san as irrattis irra deebi’i. San booda page format kan jedhu erga cuqqafteen booda number format kan jedhu irratti lakkoofsa roomaa(III) filadhu, akkasumas start at kan jedhu lakoofsa roomaa tokkoffaa (I) filadhuutii OK kan jedhu cuqaasi. Dhuma irrattis tartiibota Torba, Saddeet fi Sagal irra deebi’uun xumuri.
Lammiin Lammiif, Waraana qofaani miti, Beekkumsa irrattis wal yaamuuni malee! Lammii keetiif qooduun dirqama lammummaa keetii bahi.
